Problem solving is a fundamental cognitive process that is essential for both personal and professional development. It is a skill that is central to human functioning, allowing individuals to navigate challenges, make decisions, and accomplish goals. Whether in everyday life or in more complex scenarios, problem solving is crucial for adapting to and overcoming obstacles. It involves identifying an issue, analyzing it, developing possible solutions, evaluating those solutions, and implementing the best course of action. This process is not only important for individuals but also for organizations, governments, and societies as a whole, influencing everything from economic decisions to technological innovations and interpersonal relationships. Definitions of Problem Solving At its core, problem solving refers to the mental and cognitive process through which individuals or groups work to find solutions to challenges or obstacles. This may involve resolving issues where the path to a solution is not immediately clear, requiring creative thinking, logic, and strategic planning. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.