This study examines the role of Iranian public librarians in promoting social entrepreneurship. Public libraries, as key community hubs, have the potential to foster social innovation by providing access to resources, mentorship, and collaboration opportunities. Through a quantitative analysis of librarians’ awareness, perceptions, and current practices, the study identifies existing barriers such as inadequate funding, technological limitations, and policy constraints. Findings reveal that while librarians acknowledge their role in supporting social entrepreneurship, systemic challenges hinder their effectiveness. The study suggests capacity-building initiatives, policy reforms, and strategic partnerships to enhance libraries’ contributions to social entrepreneurship and community development in Iran. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.