Due to its potential to revolutionize a variety of industries by providing transaction records that are decentralized and immutable, blockchain technology has received a lot of attention in recent years. However, numerous security issues that put at risk the integrity and dependability of distributed ledger systems impede the widespread use of blockchain. This review paper looks at the many different security problems that blockchain technology has, from basic flaws to new threats. Normal security chances, including 51 assaults, Sybil assaults, twofold spending, and brilliant agreement weaknesses, are examined exhaustively, alongside certifiable instances of safety breaks. In addition, the paper investigates existing mitigation and security solutions like smart contract auditing, cryptographic methods, and improvements to consensus algorithms. Also, arising patterns and future headings in blockchain security, for example, protection improving advancements, versatility arrangements, and quantum-safe cryptography, are talked about to expect and address developing dangers. Through contextual analyses and industry viewpoints, the paper gives experiences into the down-to-earth ramifications of blockchain security issues across different areas. At last, the survey closes by accentuating the significance of progressing exploration and cooperation to improve the security stance of blockchain networks and work with their broad reception in the computerized economy. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.