Antibiotic resistance is a global public health crisis that has led to an urgent need for new strategies to combat bacterial infections. One promising approach is the use of natural compounds derived from plants, which have shown potential in combating pathogens. However, the efficacy of plant-based compounds can be limited by their bioavailability and the difficulty of targeting specific pathogens. The development of nano vehicles that encapsulate plant-based compounds has provided a solution to these challenges. In this article, we provide an overview of the various mechanisms by which nano-formulated plant-based compounds combat pathogens, including disruption of cell membranes, inhibition of enzyme activity, interference with quorum sensing, oxidative stress, immunomodulation, and interference with biofilm formation. We also present case studies demonstrating the efficacy of nano-formulated plant-based compounds in treating various bacterial and fungal infections, including candidiasis, tuberculosis, periodontitis, acne, and urinary tract infections. Finally, we discuss promising areas for future research and development of nano-formulated plant-based compounds, including combination therapy, synergistic effects, personalized medicine, alternative to traditional antibiotics, environmental applications, novel delivery systems, and large-scale production. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.