Recently, researchers have directed considerable attention towards developing eco-friendly fuel energy technology suitable for widespread implementation. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) based water-splitting technology has been found to play a crucial role in converting solar energy into chemical energy. Therefore, water-splitting through the PEC process is considered one of the most effective methods for generating eco-friendly and sustainable energy sources. Among the various nanomaterials-based photo-electrocatalysts reported in the literature, two-dimensional (2D) materials-based photoelectrocatalysts have been extensively applied across numerous domains, serving as cost-effective and efficient catalysts. Their adaptable structures and compositions provide significant prospects and avenues to create tailored electrocatalysts, presenting abundant opportunities for design strategies. Extensive discussions have been covered in this review regarding various methods employed for synthesizing 2D materials-based photoelectrocatalysts and their hybrid materials. These discussions also encompass diverse strategies to alter the physicochemical properties of the developed photo-electrocatalysts. In addition, this review ultimately offers valuable insights into the potential applications of various 2D-based composites and their merits and limitations. The review also outlines some proposed research directions that will be pursued in this field in the future. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.