RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are important factors in cancer progression and response to various therapeutic strategies. Radioresistance, an obstacle caused due to various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, remains a major hindrance in the treatment of cancer and could lead to tumor recurrence. Though research is being conducted on the cause and association of radioresistance with various cellular and environmental factors, there remains much to be explored and discovered. The roles of several RNA-binding proteins in tumor progression and metastasis are well documented. In addition, recent studies suggest the connection between Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) and chemoresistance. We and others have extensively studied the regulatory role of RBPs in regulating CSCs. Resistance to radiation therapy and the involvement of RBPs in this process is under-studied. In this review, we have provided an updated compilation of the significant role played by RBPs in radioresistance. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.