Construction industry is a major contributor to global energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for nearly 40% of the total. This review explores the role of energy-efficient buildings in mitigating environmental impact, conserving resources and improving occupant well-being. It highlights sustainable design strategies, including passive and active systems, advanced insulation and renewable energy integration, to minimise energy use. The study also examines innovative materials such as green roofs, phase-change materials and recycled components to reduce embodied energy (EE). Global case studies demonstrate the transformative potential of energy-efficient buildings in enhancing urban sustainability and resilience. Additionally, economic and social benefits such as lower operational costs, improved indoor environments and increased property value are discussed. Despite challenges like high initial costs and technological complexities, energy-efficient buildings play a crucial role in achieving global sustainability goals. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.