Background: The monkeypox virus, or MPXV for short, is a newly discovered zoonotic virus that is linked to the smallpox virus genus and causes human monkeypox, a disease that is closely comparable to smallpox. Scientists first discovered MPXV in laboratory monkeys in 1958. It mostly affects rodents and can spread from human to human or animal to human by respiratory droplets or contact with body fluids. Once limited to rural regions of Central and West Africa, outbreaks have lately shown a troubling worldwide expansion, prompting worries about public health. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the current preventative and therapeutic techniques for monkeypox virus infection as well as the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, reserviors, transmission processes, diagnosis, treatment options, and vaccines. Given the virus’s potential to cause severe morbidity and its rising occurrence in non-endemic nations, a thorough review is required. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.