Alpinia speciosa is an evergreen tropical perennial herb and used as balsamic, diuretic, and stomachic and traditionally used for cold and flu, fever, flatulence, stomach problems and indigestion. The present study was carried out to investigate morphological, microscopical, physicochemical and phytochemical screening of rhizome. Morphological studies of rhizome showed the presence of various diagnostic characters. In the microscopical studies, rhizomes showed the presence of central vascular bundle, outer vascular bundle, leaf sheath, phloem, xylem, ground parenchyma, starch grains and styloid. Ash values and extractive values were determined for quality standard of drugs. Phytochemical investigation shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, tannins, protein and amino acids, saponins. The result of the study could be useful for identification and preparation of monograph of the plant. © 2011 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.