Both the base-catalysed (KOH) transesterification and the acid-catalysed (H<inf>2</inf>SO<inf>4</inf>) esterification procedure were used to transform the seed oil of 15 mahua seeds and their parents into biodiesel. To maximize biodiesel production while decreasing costs, a pre-esterification procedure was implemented. Before acid pre-treatment, transesterification of seed oil only produced 21â26 fatty acid methyl ester. The majority of the oils were successfully trans esterified to fatty acid methyl esters, as evidenced by gas chromatography examination. The hybrids had a biodiesel production that was anything from 5.52 to 5.97 g/5 g oil. Most oil samples showed an efficiency of conversion to biodiesel ofâ>â90. Density, acid value, specific gravity, and iodine value were measured and compared after biodiesel conversion for each hybrid. All of the biodiesels tested herein meet the requirements set out by DIN 51606, EN 14214, and ASTM D 6751-02. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.