Aim: The study was aimed at purifying the active principle from Alpinia officinarum rhizomes responsible for inhibition of swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analysing the mechanism of action. Methods and Results: The active compound from methanol extract of A. officinarum was purified by silica gel column chromatography followed by elution from Amberlite resin. The compound 1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-one, inhibited swarming motility at 12·5 µg ml−1. This inhibition was independent of rhamnolipid production. Real-time PCR analysis showed significant down-regulation of virulence-associated genes including T3SS exoS, exoT and flagella master regulator fleQ. Conclusions: The compound from A. officinarum inhibited swarming motility and significantly down-regulated the expression of type III secretory system effector genes exoS and exoT and flagellar master regulator fleQ genes. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study identifies a potent swarming inhibitory compound from the common medicinal plant A. officinarum and reinstates the potential of plant-derived compounds in tackling virulence properties of pathogenic bacteria. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.