This study reports the optical, electrical, and structural properties of undoped and Cr3+-doped CoWO4 nanomaterials prepared by co-precipitation and heat treatment at 600 °C. XRD confirmed monoclinic wolframite structure; SEM revealed agglomerated round particles. UV–vis and PL analyses showed intrinsic emission at 210 nm, with Cr3+ slightly increasing emission intensity. Dielectric constant increased with doping, and AC/DC conductivity was analyzed using Jonscher's power law. Findings provide insights into the material's potential applications in optoelectronic devices.