This randomized controlled trial assessed whether serum neuronal biomarkers (S100B and neuron-specific enolase) correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months in term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. A total of 162 infants were randomized to normothermia (Group A) or therapeutic hypothermia (Group B). Biomarkers were measured at 0, 24, and 72 h post-birth. Neurodevelopmental assessment at 18 months using DASII showed no significant correlation between biomarker levels and outcomes. Therapeutic hypothermia group had non-significantly lower mortality and better motor/mental scores among survivors. © 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.