There are various energy resources scattered around the world. As the population increases, the energy demand poses challenges to fuel supply. Emissions from various industries and transport are the main reason for greenhouse gases, i.e., carbon emissions. Hence, it is the right time to find alternative fuels such as biofuels from plants and vegetables, which are an efficient way to reduce these emissions. Biofuels are produced from crops like wheat, soybean, sugarcane, jackfruit, and algae. Although there are various methods for biofuel production, the most common is the transesterification method, which reduces the viscosity of the bio-oil to make it suitable for engines. This study analyzes the emission characteristics of jackfruit peel oil with a three-hole nozzle, investigating hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter, and carbon monoxide (CO). © 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.