Iron supplementation is widely recommended for all pregnant women, but excess iron in nonanemic women can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. This study assessed hematological parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in 40 nonanemic and 40 anemic pregnant women. Nonanemic women received 60 mg/day iron; anemic women received 120 mg/day. Iron supplementation improved hematological profile and reduced hsCRP in anemic women. Nonanemic women showed increased MDA/TAS and hsCRP levels without changes in hematology. Prophylactic iron supplementation benefits anemic women but may induce oxidative stress in nonanemic women. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.