Microbial induced calcium precipitation (MICP) is an emerging ground improvement technique based on biomineralization, where microbes produce calcium carbonate. MICP is applied in biotechnology, geotechnology, paleobiology, heavy metal removal, radionuclide treatment, and CO2 sequestration. This review analyzes the optimum conditions for MICP across clayey, silty, and sandy soils, and examines influencing factors including calcium concentration, inorganic carbon, pH, and nucleation site availability. Proper processing of bacteria at optimum conditions ensures sustainable soil stabilization and polymorph formation. Further field-scale evaluation is required. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.