This study examines anatomical variations of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and mylohyoid branch in 40 sides of 20 cadaveric heads. While the IAN followed normal patterns in 37 specimens, anomalies were observed in 3 (7.5%). Two specimens had the mylohyoid nerve branching directly from the mandibular nerve, and one showed a medial branching pattern. Knowledge of such variations is crucial for dental and maxillofacial surgeons to prevent nerve injury, improve local anesthetic success, and preserve nerve function during surgery.