This chapter summarizes the various routes to produce gaseous fuel from biomass. Urbanization, modernization and smart living style meet huge energy need globally. Biomass like algae, plants, forest waste, agricultural residue, etc., is processed via hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, and pyrolysis for biofuels production. Hydrogen is also produced from wastewater, the aqueous phase of hydrothermal liquefaction via photocatalysis and steam reforming processes. In recent years, researchers have reported routes for hydrogen production via methanation reactions. Novel photocatalysts were decoded in recent years for simultaneous treatment of wastewater and production of hydrogen gas. Future research was directed towards the safe storage and distribution of hydrogen gas for commercial vehicles. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.