Heritage buildings are considered as the pride of every country to know the history and culture. It plays a vital role in enhancing tourism to increase the economy. Hence, maintaining heritage buildings without losing their originality is an essential task in the present scenario. Structural health monitoring (SHM) is the most advanced technology which helps to monitor building using sensors and data acquisition systems without visual inspection. Predictive Analysis of the SHM helps to anticipate the lifetime of buildings. This proposed review article provides insight into the application, causes, and assessment of damage in heritage buildings and the needs of SHM in detail. © 2022 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.