Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as a promising class of photocatalysts with remarkable properties for diverse energy and environmental-related applications. This review offers insights into recent advances in LDH-based photocatalysts, focusing on their synthesis methods, structural properties, and photocatalytic performance. The unique structure of LDHs, characterized by positively charged metal hydroxide layers and intercalated anions, presents opportunities for tailoring their properties to enhance photocatalytic performance. The mechanisms for pollutant degradation, water splitting, and CO<inf>2</inf> reduction are discussed, along with strategies to enhance the efficacy and stability of LDH-based photocatalysts. The photocatalytic mechanisms of LDHs for various reactions, including pollutant degradation, water splitting, and CO<inf>2</inf> reduction, are discussed. Additionally, strategies for enriching the efficacy and stability of LDH-based photocatalysts are explored. This review underscores the significant potential of LDHs as versatile and efficient photocatalysts for addressing current environmental and energy challenges. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.