Terminalia chebula is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine for its medicinal properties. In this study, we investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract derived from the dried fruit pulp of Terminalia chebula against haloperidol-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic drug that is known to cause neurotoxicity. In this study, haloperidol-treated rats exhibited behavioral disruptions, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Treatment with the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula significantly improved these outcomes. The aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It also protected neuronal architecture. These results suggest that Terminalia chebula may be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating drug-induced neurotoxicity. The aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula may exert its neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms. First, it may act as an antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. Second, it may have anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Third, it may protect neuronal architecture by promoting the growth and repair of neurons. Studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of Terminalia chebula and to translate these findings into clinical applications. In particular, it would be interesting to investigate the effects of Terminalia chebula in humans with drug-induced neurotoxicity. © 2023 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.