Electric vehicles using lithium-ion (Li-Ion) batteries have emerged as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Due to their thermal sensitivity, Li-Ion batteries have been the subject of extensive heat management research. This study optimizes thermal management parameters using design of experiments (DOE), including phase change material mass (X), thermal conduction of paraffin-aluminum composite (Y), and water flow rate (Z). A full factorial DOE with two repetitions was conducted, and ANOVA was used for hypothesis testing. Results show that all variables significantly influenced Li-Ion battery temperature rise. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.