Electric bikes (e-bikes) have emerged as a popular alternative mode of transportation in urban areas, offering a sustainable and convenient means of travel. With advancements in battery technology and motor efficiency, e-bikes provide an environmentally friendly solution for commuting and recreational activities. However, alongside the growing popularity of e-bikes, concerns about theft and safety have become increasingly prevalent. Traditional bike locks, such as padlocks and chains, have long been the go-to security measures for bicycle owners. However, these conventional locks are often inadequate in deterring determined thieves equipped with sophisticated tools. Moreover, the rise in e-bike theft incidents has highlighted the need for more robust security solutions tailored specifically for electric bikes. Additionally, safety concerns related to electric bike batteries have come to the forefront. While e-bike batteries are generally safe when used properly, incidents of battery malfunctions leading to fires or explosions have been reported. As such, ensuring the safety of electric bike owners, as well as protecting their valuable investment from theft, has become a pressing issue in the e-bike community. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.