The advancement of ecologically benign, renewable, and sustainable alternative energy sources is vital for the current global economic theories. The largest source of renewable energy, bioenergy podia advance the economy and the circular economy by serving as a strategic component. To fulfill the expanding demands of humanity, biomass materials such as agricultural products, alcohol fuels, industrial waste, landfill gas, solid waste, and wood have attracted interest for use in the synthesis of biofuels. The energy generated from biomass is less harmful to the environment, inexpensive, readily accessible locally in great quantities, and offers job opportunities for employees in diverse global boundaries. Sustainability, the decline in emissions of greenhouse gases and an upsurge in manufacturing jobs are the benefits of using renewable sources to manufacture energy, chemicals, and fuels. These elements promote the development of local economic and social systems. The current chapter focuses on the availability of numerous waste biomass materials and their characteristics as viable renewable energy sources. The analysis also includes the current state of the world's energy supply, the need for sustainable alternative energy sources, established and developing technologies for biomass conversion, and the circular economy of waste biomass management. From the review, it is possible to infer that utilizing cost-effective sources for implementation in energy platforms and biofuels will increase the competitiveness of bio-based companies and boost the economics of existing value chains. Understanding the characteristics of biomass materials enables us to determine the best approach to use them for energy in the future and cut down on our reliance on fossil fuels. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.