Biodiesel is considered to be the direct replacement for fossil fuel as it can be used directly in the existing engine without any modification. There are various researches done using many edible, non-edible and waste plants. Here in this research, the examination is done on characteristics features of papaya seed biodiesel emission. For this analysis, the papaya seed biodiesel is mixed with diesel at the ratio of 20:80 (B20). The test is conducted in single cylinder variable compression ratio engine by changing the load of the engine. The characteristic of various emission gases is recorded for various hole nozzles like single-, double- and three-hole nozzle. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.