Biodiesel is indeed a cleaner-burning substitute diesel fuel made using domestic renewable energy sources like animal and vegetable fats. This also looks at the worldwide trend of biofuels buyers and sellers, as well as its financial feasibility, environmental problems, and the next biofuels, which have the opportunities to resolve the terrifying problem of fossil energy reservoir depletion. The work focuses on biofuel combined with Al<inf>2</inf>o<inf>3</inf> nanoparticles for determining engine performance and emission. The features of biodiesel in CI engine performance and emission characteristics would be improved by adding nanoparticles to biodiesel. Carbon monoxide is an unburned hydrocarbon, according to the findings. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.