As a result of its high mechanical and corrosion-resistant qualities, SS304 is utilised in a wide variety of applications within the industrial sector. The purpose of this research is to use TOPSIS optimisation in conjunction with a L9 orthogonal array to achieve the best possible surface polish, material removal rate, tool wear, and overall energy consumption when machining SS304. In order to carry out the trials, dry machining conditions were utilised, and a CNC turning centre fitted with carbide inserts was utilised. An examination was carried out on the machining variables of cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and MQL (minimum quarter-inch length). While a roughness tester determined the degree to which the surface was smooth, a scale determined the rate at which material was being removed. Both an optical microscope and a power metre were utilised in order to keep track of the amount of power that was consumed throughout the process. With the help of topology optimisation utilising experimental data sets (TOPSIS), we were able to home in on the most effective combination of machining parameters. According to the findings, improving surface smoothness, material removal rate, and tool wear while simultaneously optimising multiple machining parameters simultaneously leads to a reduction in overall energy usage. This work offers new insights into the machining of SS304 as well as the optimisation of machining parameters by employing TOPSIS in conjunction with a L9 orthogonal array. These findings have the potential to assist in the effective machining of SS304 for use in industrial applications. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.