This study explores the applications of nanostructured boron nitride (BN) in photocatalysis and targeted drug delivery, highlighting its notable thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and wide bandgap. Through the synthesis and detailed characterization of BN nanoparticles, employing Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the material’s efficacy in light-induced chemical reactions and potential as a nanocarrier for drug delivery systems are investigated. Photocatalytic experiments reveal an enhanced ability of BN to absorb light and facilitate charge separation, suggesting a promising approach for environmental detoxification and sustainable energy generation. In parallel, investigations into BN’s drug loading capacity, release kinetics, and targeting efficiency, particularly in the context of cancer therapy, are conducted. Findings indicate that BN nanoparticles significantly enhance photocatalytic performance and offer a safe, effective platform for controlled drug release. This research underscores the dual utility of BN in addressing critical challenges in environmental engineering and medical treatment, pointing towards novel interdisciplinary applications of this versatile nanomaterial. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.