The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples from Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, have been estimated using NaI (TI) detector-based gamma spectrometry. The mean activity concentration of 232Th in soil samples is greater and poorer for 226Ra and 40K, respectively, when compared with world average values. Radiation hazard estimation was done by the assessment of radiological parameters such as radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rate (DR), annual effective dose rate (HR), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). These parameters were compared with international criteria. The findings in the soil showed that there is no major radiological risk to the general public by using these soil samples from the Tiruvannamalai district. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.